![]() ![]() Low Voltage Disconnect Hysteresis Set-Point.At this point, it will disconnect the load to prevent battery under discharge. Any controller will not allow the battery to reach a voltage lower than this Voltage. This set point should be as high as possible to prevent switching disruptions and harmonics. This is the difference between the Regulation Set-Point Voltage and Voltage when full current is reapplied, also called Regulation Hysteresis Voltage Span. At this point, it will discontinue any further battery charging. Any charge controller will protect the battery to reach a voltage in excess of this Voltage. ![]() This events and alarms history helps for quick troubleshooting.īelow you find four key parameters that can be programmed in any charge controllers. Some charge controllers have an inbuilt memory to save events and alarms with a date and time stamp. Some commonly monitored parameters include: Voltage level, Charged percentage, Current Discharge time at fill load, etc. Various parameters could be monitored using the display screen of charge controllers. This helps in fine tuning of your battery charging and discharging cycles to ensure the most efficient performance and longer life. Various set points could be edited and re-programmed using the charge controllers. The charge controller stops the charging of the batteries once these are sufficiently charged. Overcharging of batteries could significantly reduce the lifetime of the batteries and is therefore not recommended. As the charge level is proportional to voltage level, the charge controller cuts out the battery at a certain voltage level, preventing Under voltage situation. It is recommended to take the battery out from the circuit and connect it back only during charging. Under voltage occurs when the batteries have lost 80% of their charge. This helps to prevent batteries from unnecessary discharging and it increases the battery uptime. This function facilitates a unidirectional flow of current from the solar panel to the battery, and blocks the reverse flow during the night. Modern solar charge controller perform several other useful functions: While the primary function of any charge controller is to control the amount of charge entering and exiting the battery, it is not its only function. Major functions performed by solar charge controllers A large number of parameters can be programmed, each with a different action to be taken, depending on the user’s requirements. When the potentiometer senses an output voltage of around 22.8V (see curve above), it will open the breaker of the battery to disconnect it from the system, thereby protecting the battery. The charge controller can be programmed to disconnect the battery whenever it reaches 80% discharge. For example: Discharge curve (voltage versus % charge) 24v lead acid battery ![]() Figure 1: Typical discharge curve (voltage versus % charge) for a 24 volt lead acid battery Then depending upon the programmed parameters, the charge controller determines its course of action. Depending upon the output voltage, the charge controller determines the charge percentage of the battery, using a similar curve below. Charge controllers have built-in voltage sensing instruments ( potentiometers), which sense the output voltage. This relationship is used in the working of the charge controller. As the battery begins to discharge, it experiences a slight reduction in its output voltage. This relationship is graphically shown in below Figure 1. There’s an interesting relationship between the charging / discharging of batteries and its voltage. ![]() Charge controllers are installed for optimum and most efficient performance of the battery, and to protect the battery from over-and undercharging. As the name implies, a charge controller is an electronic module, which controls the amount of charge entering and exiting the battery. Batteries are almost always installed with a charge controller. Whenever electricity is not available, the stored charge inside the battery is used to provide power to the loads. The battery does not perform any modification or transformation of the electrical current it simply stores it. For that reason they require a battery for storage of electricity. Power generation solar power plants, wind power plants, tidal power plants, fuel cells, etc., are intermittent in nature, which means these power sources are not producing electricity constantly and at any moment of the day. The controller helps to protect the batteries from all kinds of issues, including overcharging, current leaking back to the solar panel during the night, the prevention of Undervoltage and it helps to monitor the status of the batteries. A solar charge controller is an electronic component that controls the amount of charge entering and exiting the battery, and regulates the optimum and most efficient performance of the battery. ![]()
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